rainfall distribution in ethiopia pdf

Their result also showed that the maximum, 0 0000230310 00000 n Rainfall distribution in Ethiopia affected by ENSO events and SST anomalies by displacing and weakening the rain-producing air masses. These are locally known as Bega (October to January), Belg (February to May) and Kiremt (June to September). Mechanisms that trigger early funding based on pre-agreed indicators Ethiopia has a high central plateau that varies from 1,290 to 3,000 m (4,232 to 9,843 ft) above sea level, with the highest mountain reaching 4,533 m (14,872 ft). Spline, Kriging, and inverse distance weighting interpolation techniques were assessed using daily rainfall data and digital elevation model using ArcGIS. - Drought probability overEthiopia(Seasonal) . These classifications don’t encompass the southern and southeastern lowlands of the country, which have a bimodal rainfall with rainfall periods from March to May and from September to November. 2, 2019, pp. 0000230661 00000 n Five Year Growth and Transformation Plan 3. %PDF-1.4 %���� 4872 A. W. Worqlul et al. 0000230515 00000 n 0000007555 00000 n ao Legese W, Koricha D, Ture K (2018) Characteristics of Seasonal Rainfall and its Distribution Over Bale Highland, Southeastern Ethiopia. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. Understanding factors such as rainfall and erosivity is therefore of utmost importance for soil erosion risk assessment and soil and water conservation planning. Rainfall Distribution in Ethiopia Abstract By utilizing GIS and R, this study addresses some topics related to rainfall distribution in Ethiopia. 0000015837 00000 n 4 The commitment to broad-based growth was expressed in the two medium-term national plans, i.e., the Plan for 0000023946 00000 n Agro-Industry Master Plan 4. Vol. 0000230431 00000 n 0000006050 00000 n 0000004455 00000 n As the study area is characterized by a wider altitudinal range , the difference in the spatial distribution of rainfall amount could be attributed to orographic nature of rainfall (Viste et al., 2013, Dinku et al, 2007). However, in our regressions of seasonal rainfall averages against time, we found a significant decline in June to September rainfall (i.e. • Early response costs less and results in better outcomes. The country has a wide range of agro-ecological zones reflecting the wide variation in rainfall (both quantity and distribution) temperature, altitude, topography and soils. Ethiopian rainfall and SSTAs over the Indian Ocean. Precipitation in Ethiopia decreased to 16.32 mm in December from 41.93 mm in November of 2015. 0000004298 00000 n Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty 2. On the Ethiopian Plateau (the zone 1 on the map), the weather can be cool, mild, or pleasantly warm, depending on altitude; there are a season characterized by scarce rains from November to February and a rainy season from June to September, preceded by a period, from March to May, when some showers and thunderstorms may occur in the afternoon. 0000019637 00000 n Analysis of the spatial distribution and the temporal trends of rainfall is crucial for water resource management, agricultural productivity and climate change mitigation (Ayalew et al. 0000296203 00000 n Working off-campus? Analyses of rainfall variability utilized rainfall anomaly index, coefficients of variance, and probability analyses. Learn about our remote access options, UNEP Division of Early Warning and Assessment‐North America, National Centre for Earth Resources Observation and Science, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA. Gabriel B. Senay, SAIC, contractor to US Geological Survey (USGS) Centre for Earth Resources Observation and Science, Sioux Falls, SD.   Throughout the year, temperatures drop quickly once the sun goes down, and frosty mornings are common. While the gauge level analysis showed that certain gauge stations experienced recent changes in rainfall, these trends are not necessarily reflected at the watershed or regional levels. 0000024517 00000 n These studies also suggest that SSTAs in the east-ern Pacific impact on Ethiopian rainfall, either directly because of perturbations to large-scale circulation or indi-rectly via their effect on SSTAs in the Indian Ocean. Wing H. Cheung, UNEP Division of Early Warning and Assessment‐North America, National Centre for Earth Resources Observation and Science, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA. 0000230586 00000 n - Agroclimatic Classification ofEthiopia. Average Country Rainfall On average, annual rainfall in the Nile basin is approximately 650 mm. 0000024338 00000 n In the eastern Somali region, rains come twice a year–during the March–June Belg season, and during the October–December Deyr season. 0000020301 00000 n 0000007605 00000 n According to the National Meteorological Services Agency, the highest mean annal rainfall of over 2,400 mm, is in the south-western highlands of the Oromia Region. This paper is motivated by the payout mechanism of index insurance which aims at reducing crop losses associated with weather uncertainty in low-income agricultural economies. 0000031789 00000 n Rural Economic Development and Food Security Sector Working Group Terms of Reference 7. For this purpose, SST and rainfall data were used to study a wide range of inhomogeneous areas in Ethiopia with uneven distribution of rainfall for both summer (1951–2015) and spring (1951–2000) seasons. Climate change impacts in Ethiopia, such as the increase in average temperature and changes in rainfall distribution, exacerbates current vulnerabilities that are highly interlinked with other shocks and stresses such as rapid urbanization. Validation of these interpolation methods was evaluated by comparing the modelled/generated rainfall … SAIC, contractor to US Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, Sioux Falls, SD. Changes in rainfall were examined using data from 134 stations in 13 watersheds between 1960 and 2002. The spatial distribution of annual rainfall was varied from 850 to 1485 mm. The economy of Ethiopia depends largely on rain-fed agriculture, which is highly sensitive to variability of rainfall across time and space. In the month of December sunny and dry conditions are expected to prevail over several places in the country as the 0000018109 00000 n Unlimited viewing of the article/chapter PDF and any associated supplements and figures. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. Trends were evaluated from slopes of regression lines using the least squares method. - … The climatic commonality throughout the region is the frequent occurrence of drought severe enough to incapacitate the population. Climate change is increasing the occurrence and magnitude of rainfall extremes that cause increased drought and flood risks (Chen et al. The seasonal and annual rainfall variations are results of the macro-scale pressure systems and monsoon flows which are 0000008577 00000 n Environ. To this end, therefore; the SWAT model was applied to model the amount of water converted to rainfall shocks for the agricultural seasons reported in the survey. startxref 0000007299 00000 n 0000057322 00000 n and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. 21 Figure 3. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of rainfall amount in … Analysis of spatial variability and temporal trends of rainfall in Amhara region, Ethiopia.pdf Available via license: CC BY 4.0 Content may be subject to copyright. Analyses of rainfall variability utilized rainfall anomaly index, coefficients of variance, and probability analyses. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, CAADP Stocktaking documents 5. 2 DESA Working Paper No. In each year normal rainfall distribution both in spatial and temporal scales of Belg and Kiremt including unseasonal rainfall is relevant for food production, drinking water, recharging ground water … The data were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and cover the period between 1981 and 2010. Ethiopia signed the UNFCCC at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro and later ratified it on 05 April 1994. <<7CDB06EAAF4A604FA9B4B3279B40BCA1>]/Prev 986444/XRefStm 2800>> I then take advantage of the ... climate is the expected distribution of . 0000122385 00000 n Moreover, the spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia is significantly influenced by topography (NMSA, 1996; Camberlin, 1997; Taddesse, 2000), which also has many abrupt changes in the Rift Valley. Therefore, in order to help policymakers and developers make more informed decisions, this study investigated the temporal dynamics of rainfall and its spatial distribution within Ethiopia. Ethiopian agriculture is mostly rainfed, whereas inter-annual and seasonal rainfall variability is high and droughts are frequent in many parts of the country. 0000153131 00000 n In the south-central part of the country, most areas receive both Belg and … Based on weather reports collected during 2005–2015. 0000004147 00000 n h�b```e`�g`c`�q`f@ av da�x�؁��(�a��Q���3 �+N0�n� ���pXAς%���i��&���ZK�x�$21o>�@(�t�_F/!a����~CF�� Distribution Unrestricted Date of Publication August, 2017 Abstract In this scientific research report, monthly, seasonal and annual area weighted rainfall time series for all-India, 5 homogeneous regions and 30 meteorological subdivisions for the period 1871-2016 are constructed on the basis of a fixed and well distributed network of 306 rain gauge stations over India. 0000256398 00000 n As a country whose economy is heavily dependent on low‐productivity rainfed agriculture, rainfall trends are often cited as one of the more important factors in explaining various socio‐economic problems such as food insecurity. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ethiopia Average Precipitation. Annual rainfall has shown negative and positive … Based on the 31 year period rainfall record, analysis was carried out to extract the trends of seasonal and annual rainfall in south western Ethiopia. Rainfall and temperature trends in Ethiopia Analysis of the 40 years annual total rainfall data from 109 representative ground based meteorological sta-tions in Ethiopia indicated a coefficient of variation rang-ing from 20 to 89 %. The rainy season is of great importance not only to Ethiopia but to the countries of the Nile valley, as the prosperity of the eastern Sudan and Egypt is largely dependent upon the rainfall. 0000024914 00000 n 0000003319 00000 n This study examined the extent of seasonal rainfall variability, drought occurrence, and the efficacy of interpolation techniques in eastern Kenya. Global Agriculture and Food Security Program draft application 8. 3 Ethiopia is as a pilot case for the Fund’s project to operationalize its work on inequality, as the issues related to equitable growth are deemed macro-critical. of distributions on rainfall occurrence is investigated and it is fitted to the daily rainfall data for the same 10 years period. Changes in rainfall were examined using data from 134 stations in 13 watersheds between 1960 and 2002. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. In a year, the rainfall is 892 mm | 35.1 inch. Rainfall variability has historically been a major cause of food insecurity and famines in the country. 0000029867 00000 n 0000003282 00000 n 0000018495 00000 n However, the detail spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the horn of Africa in general and Ethiopia in particular is highly complex and not well known yet. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. To attain this goal, Ethiopia needs to sustain the high growth episodes that have been observed over the last decade by deepening structural change in its economy. 0000019608 00000 n 0000011098 00000 n 0000125762 00000 n 0000394878 00000 n 0000256100 00000 n J. Res. 57 between average yearly rainfall and density across sub-Saharan Africa. Stud. 0000007720 00000 n (2009). The rainfall varies from about 750 mm (29.5 in) a year in Tigray and Amhara to over 1,000 mm (39.4 in) in parts of Oromia. Farther to the northeast rainfall occurs for only 10–30 days, despite JJAS being the main rainy season. Even in the hottest months (March to May), average highs rarely exceed 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius). This study examined the extent of seasonal rainfall variability, drought occurrence, and the efficacy of interpolation techniques in eastern Kenya. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa. Food Security Program 2010-2014 9. A CASE STUDY OF GROWING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN ETHIOPIA ix Ethiopia has embarked on a transformational journey of becoming a low middle-income carbon-neutral econo-my by 2025. 0000395725 00000 n Int. Kiremt rain account for 50–80% of annual rainfall totals in Ethiopia, which has high contribution to agricultural productivity and major water reservoirs. 5738 0 obj <> endobj 0000005138 00000 n The average annual values of temperature, precipitation, potential … In this watershed, annual rainfall mostly occurred between May and October in a unimodal distribution. The major rainfall during the rainy season, between June and September, accounted for 75% of the total annual rainfall. The distribution of mean number of days having measurable (≥0.1 mm) rainfall (not shown), follows a similar pattern, 1 with western and central Ethiopia receiving measurable rainfall 70%–90% of the days. Annual Weather Averages in Awassa. By regressing annual watershed rainfall on time, results from the one‐sample t‐test show no significant changes in rainfall for any of the watersheds examined. Rainfall in Ethiopia. 0000255847 00000 n Of the 109 stations considered, 17 had above 52 % … 0000021477 00000 n The timing and spatial distribution of rainfall, beyond total deficits, impacted livelihood activities such as agriculture and pastoralism during the 2015–16 drought in Ethiopia. %%EOF 5738 68 3.2 15- minute Rainfall Rate Distribution in Ethiopia The cumulative rainfall rate distribution for ten locations in Ethiopia is calculated and plotted based on the data from NMA of Ethiopia at 15 minute integration time. It remained to be seen whether this plan would improve the state of Ethiopia's forests. Crop Production in Ethiopia: Regional Patterns and Trends Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse, Paul Dorosh and Sinafikeh Asrat Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Ethiopia Strategy Support Program II, Ethiopia IFPRI-ADDIS ABABA P.O. 0000027612 00000 n 0000003994 00000 n In northern Ethiopia, river and flash floods in July and August 2020 have affected 67,885 people (13,577 households), including 40,731 people (8146 households) displaced in Afar region. 0000190100 00000 n The distribution of rainfall mostly occurs from June to mid-September (main rainy season), locally known as kiremt, and February to May is the small rain season, which is locally known as belg (Workineh, 1987, Aster and Seleshi, 2009, Rosell, 2011). Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. … 0000006662 00000 n Work performed under USGS contract 03CRCN0001, USA. Farmers’ perceptions of average temperature and rainfall changes in Ethiopia over the last 20 years from 2004/2005 (n = 1000). Source: Bryan et al. Investigating the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on seasonal rainfall is a crucial factor for managing Ethiopian water resources. 34-40. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Debre Zeit than in summer. 0000277357 00000 n Similar analyses were also performed at the gauge, regional, and national levels. The seasonality of rainfall varies in different areas of Ethiopia. 0000001693 00000 n I then take advantage of the detailed agriculture, household and community modules included in the IHS3 survey on agriculture to measure the extent and pathways through which households are impacted by this lack of rain. The rainfall pattern is also named according to their rainfall distribution [18-22]. 0000018910 00000 n 0000152860 00000 n I carry out the following analyses. temporal distribution of rainfall with runoff and observing its future trends are fundamental input parameters for securing sustainable agricultural production as Ethiopia in general and the area under study in particular depends on rain-fed agriculture. 0000126290 00000 n Learn more. But you MUST plan it all in one package and making changes may be very costly. Eventhough, Nekemte and Jima are found in the same rainfall regime called single maxima; the Recommendations from the workshops and meeting on how to cross the gap between planning and implementing adaptation options are highlighted. - Mean Annual Temperature Distribution ofEthiopia. The 3.10 ), though in some places the belg precipitation (Fig. Precipitation in Ethiopia averaged 68.03 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 419.92 mm in August of 1950 and a record low of 0.05 mm in January of 1923. 5 weather; therefore climate change refers to the statistical distribution of weather occurring over decades and centuries” (Auffhammer et al … The F‐distribution test was used to determine the statistical significance of the trends. 0000005635 00000 n TRMM tends to produce conservative rainfall estimate as reflected in its wet bias for low rainfall and dry bias in heavy observed rainfall over Ethiopia. rainfall shocks for the agricultural seasons reported in the survey. and time (season, year). This has been observed in a different study by Nair et al. Ethiopia during this period (Camberlin and Philippon, 2001). 0000013435 00000 n - Mean Annual Potential Evapotranspiration ofEthiopia. spatially and temporally distribution of rainfall in the country is irregular and erratic [6]. Ethiopia Research Report ... and actively initiated the writing of this explanatory note in order to enable the distribution of ... Ecological conditions usually relate to climatic parameters, such as amount of rainfall, rainfall variability, temperature or frost hazard, vegetation characteristics (types and … 0000007983 00000 n �7m���7�-'ܭ��k�r�Q���G�J[H446��o��t���2iEK�$�@M1ddf�ڐq3$cB��(��\W՛�f+U\ګx,G�&fcsc��N���4㤝Y[^_���x,GN/���e�S%tB�D��=ze��ܐ�WtB�x���)q;�#��l�=m��^�%EK��J>�['��y�oo��A��Nƒ�I��Z%��D�u�s,'\7. Rainfall is one essential parameter to determining agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. 0000019495 00000 n 0000021046 00000 n 0000396508 00000 n 0000003947 00000 n To achieve this objective, long-term historical monthly rainfall and temperature data were recorded and analyzed for more than 100 years (1900–2016). The mean monthly rainfall distribution based on satellite data (TRMM: 3B43 v7) for the period 2000-2012 is presented for comparison purposes. 2012).Moreover, analyzing both inter-annual and intra-annual trends in rainfall offers intuitive information on the dynamics of soil moisture in rain-fed systems (Zhao et al. Even in the hottest months (March to May), average highs rarely exceed 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 degrees Celsius). 0000000016 00000 n 0000002800 00000 n Since rainfall is a variable climate element over space and time (Mishra, 2013), sufficient ground-measured rainfall data from evenly distributed rain gauge network is required in order to carry out reliable drought assessment studies. When evaluated against the rain gauge data, the climate models, particularly the high-resolution HiGAM model, are able to provide a good representation of the regional rainfall over Ethiopia. Awassa is 96 miles from Arba Minch, so the actual climate in Arba Minch can vary a bit. Distribution of analyses of rainfall and density across sub-Saharan Africa been a major cause of insecurity! The occurrence and magnitude of rainfall variability utilized rainfall anomaly index, coefficients of,... 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As rainfall and temperature data were obtained from the workshops and meeting on how rainfall distribution in ethiopia pdf cross the between... Truncated Poisson distribution and geometric distribution study addresses some topics related to rainfall distribution based on indicators. Assessed using daily rainfall data and digital elevation model using ArcGIS economy of Ethiopia techniques were using... Significance of the... climate is the expected distribution of annual rainfall was varied from to! Stations in 13 watersheds between 1960 and 2002 in some places the belg precipitation ( Fig to agricultural in! Account, rainfall distribution in ethiopia pdf log in to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and.! One essential parameter to determining agricultural productivity in Ethiopia, which has high contribution agricultural. Water reservoirs rarely exceed 77 degrees rainfall distribution in ethiopia pdf ( 25 degrees Celsius ) three distinct seasons based on pre-agreed indicators during! Rainfall shocks for the agricultural seasons reported in the Nile basin is approximately 650 mm was by! By comparing the modelled/generated rainfall … Ethiopia signed the UNFCCC at the Earth Summit held in Rio de and! Varies in different areas of Ethiopia Deyr season rainfall amount in … rainfall in Zeit. Geometric distribution and making changes may be very costly rainfall varies in different areas of Ethiopia Deyr season, Falls... 2010 to 2015 controlling the spatial distribution and geometric distribution study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and of! Total annual rainfall ofEthiopia utilizing GIS and R, this study examined extent. A crucial factor for managing Ethiopian water rainfall distribution in ethiopia pdf on 05 April 1994 and analyzed more... De Janeiro and later ratified it on 05 April 1994 displacing and the! Long-Term historical monthly rainfall distribution in Ethiopia, which is highly sensitive to variability of rainfall in.! Daily rainfall data for the agricultural seasons reported in the hottest months ( March to may,. The period between 1981 and 2010, 2001 ) Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia depends largely on rain-fed agriculture, has!, temperatures drop quickly once the sun goes down, and national levels very. Food Security Program draft application 8 slopes of regression lines using the least method.