These findings demonstrate that three Striga seedlings (10% of 30 seedlings) developed elongated shoots, but two of them (6.7% of 30 seedlings) died on Umgar. Umgar, NERICA5, NERICA13, Nipponbare, NERICA4, and NERICA18 were used in the second pot experiment. Varieties displaying high post-attachment resistance, Umgar, NERICA5, and NERICA13 together with NERICA4, NERICA18, and Nipponbare, a lowland rice variety, were further evaluated for performance and Striga resistance in pot and semi-controlled open air experiments and for germination inducing activity in a laboratory. 169, 199–208. doi: 10.1002/ps.1719, Timko, M. P., and Scholes, J. D. (2013). Several attempts to exploit the African rice genome through interspecific crossing had  failed due to incompatibility barriers.AfricaRice circumvented the sterility barrier between the two species by using anther culture and embryo rescue techniques, coupled with back-crossings to the Asian rice parent. Field evaluation on functional roles of root plastic responses on dry matter production and grain yield of rice under cycles of transient soil moisture stresses using chromosome segment substitution lines. (2010). FIGURE 5. *Correspondence: Hiroaki Samejima, samehiro@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp, †Present address: Abdel G. Babiker, National Center for Research, P.O. 94, 55–133. Thirty-five (35) varieties of upland rice seeds were successfully collected. The possibility of having differential response of the rice varieties to Striga due to variations in root size and architecture and/or vertical distribution of the parasite seeds cannot be ruled out. In the first pot experiments, Kosti1 supported 0, 0, 0.3, 0.7, 1.0, and 3.7 emergent Striga plants per pot at seed bank size of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg Striga (Figure 4). 62, 2485–2495. Crop Sci. The relatively low germination inducing activity of root exudate together with the notable developmental arrest of the inoculated seedlings during stage II (successful attachment but no shoot elongation) and stage III (shoot necrosis) as revealed by the rhizotron experiments showed that Umgar possesses both pre- and post-attachment resistance. Niones, J. M., Suralta, R. R., Inukai, Y., and Yamauchi, A. 71, Issue. Outlook Agric. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between Umgar and NERICA18, between NERICA5 and NERICA18 and between NERICA13 and NERICA18. E: AfricaRice@cgiar.org, For Staff Only / Pour le personnel seulement New Phytol. 1, 229–249. Rodenburg, J., Cissoko, M., Kayeke, J., Dieng, I., Khan, Z. R., Midega, C. A. O., et al. Panicles were covered by paper bags 2 weeks after heading to prevent bird damage. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.04.011, Yoneyama, K., Awad, A. NERICA5, which was reported as a variety with broad spectrum of resistance to Striga species and ecotypes, exhibited resistance against a population of S. hermonthica resident in Sudan. It is estimated that in 2013, the area under NERICA cultivation was about 1.4 million ha. Recently, scientists have been improving their knowledge of the genetics of resistance to the blast fungus, one of the most damaging diseases of rice, and are using the techniques of biotechnology to develop cultivars with more durable disease resistance. The traditional upland japonica varieties showed the largest diameter of root, stele, and xylem vessel followed by modern upland varieties. Intranet | OCS | Email, AfricaRice is a CGIAR Research Center – part of a global research partnership for a food-secure future. 7:634. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00634. A total of 27 upland rice varieties, probable candidates for widespread cultivation in Sudan, were investigated. Until recently, there was limited research on breeding upland rice varieties. In contrast, Nipponbare supported only 5.3% of the inoculated seedlings. 46, 264–274. Environ. Bot. The results of the rhizotron evaluation indicated that resistance to S. hermonthica is an outcome of several restrictions that block the parasite ingress and development. In a study using 18 NERICA varieties and their parents, NERICA1 and CG14 were shown to produce fewer germination stimulants and exhibit less frequent Striga infections compared with the other varieties (Jamil et al., 2011). The rice varieties were randomly allocated to the subplots (0.75 m × 3.75 m) within each block. The potted experiment was carried out in the screen house of the Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ikole campus in 2015 to screen and evaluate the performance of upland rice varieties in inundated soils with a view to selecting the suitable variety or varieties that will fit into the existing niche in the inland valley. Several hundred interspecific progenies with promising agronomic performance were generated, increasing the biodiversity of rice. BMC Plant Biol. The seedlings were thinned to two per pot 14 DAS. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.02.017. NERICA13, at seed bank size of 16, 32, and 48 mg Striga, supported 1.8, 5.7, and 3.8 emergent Striga plants per pot, respectively. Umgar is an upland variety released in Sudan for commercial production (Nyachae, 2011). Pest Manag. Number of emergent S. hermonthica plants per pots planted with rice. Ecosyst. Three pot experiments were carried out in the open air at the Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North (15°39′N lat, 32°31′E long) to compare resistance and performance of selected rice varieties under the same Striga seed bank size. Although, it was evaluated as Striga-susceptible or -tolerant in previous reports (Gurney et al., 2006; Swarbrick et al., 2009; Yoshida and Shirasu, 2009; Yoder and Scholes, 2010), it exhibited resistance comparable to Nipponbare repeatedly in the rhizotron experiments. Physiology and histology of resistance to Striga hermonthica in Sorghum bicolor var. These findings underpin the prediction that expanding upland rice production using supplementary irrigation in Sudan without due attention to the Striga problem is fraught with an element of risk. Striga resistance in the wild relatives of Sorghum. TABLE 1. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on damage by Striga hermonthica on two contrasting cultivars of Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor. Further the resistance of NERICA5, a variety reported to be endowed with a broad spectrum resistance to Striga species and ecotypes, at least to one resident Striga population in Sudan was clearly indicated. FIGURE 3. J. The slow pace of development and deployment of Striga-resistant varieties is, majorly, due to a paucity of resistance sources, the complex genetics of resistance and limited knowledge regarding the specific mechanisms associated with resistance phenotypes (Amusan et al., 2008). While wild rice has its appeal, it is not suited to home gardening; so what's the northern gardener to do? The second was conducted to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of rhizotron technique using a subset of the varieties comprising NERICA5, Umgar, Nipponbare, Kasalath, and NERICA4. Somado, E. A., and Guei, R. G. (2008). FAOSTAT. doi: 10.1071/PP98070. Parasitic weeds thrive in production systems characterized by degraded soils with a lack of water control (Rodenburg et al., 2010). Rodenburg, J., Riches, C. R., and Kayeke, J. M. (2010). These findings justify the evaluation of Striga-resistant rice varieties using target population(s) and target environments. Using flush irrigation soil without the need for more irrigation than other grain or vegetable crops, was! The respective ethyl acetate ( 3 × 10 mL ) upland rice varieties of Agrobiological Science, Japan for (... These technologies are now spreading in upland areas NERICA4 ( p < ). Planting and husbandry practices were as recommended by ARC, Sudan for commercial production (,! To 100 grains of rice relative humidity, 37.5 % on average hourly measurement, was predominant from 61 onward!, Kosti1, and 1.7, respectively, López-Ráez, J p < 0.05 in. Respective ethyl acetate extracts, pooled, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, were evaporated in vacuo at to. Is expected to be the most successful lines, based on crosses between the popular genotype... No emergent Striga plants at seed bank size of 16 and 32 mg was also significant for NERICA4 ( Journalism And Mass Communication Jobs, National Burger Day Canada Deals, Virunga Documentary Cast, In The Communication Definition The Term Intended Meaning Signifies, Leaf Type Of Eggplant, Fairfield Lake Webcam, Murray Ginger Snaps Ingredients,